Sydney Scientific sponsored an eLearning system developed for related studies eFOCUS 2 and eFOCUS 4. Dr Hamish Dunn received a Research Training Program scholarship from the Australian Federal Government (SC1999). The de-identified transcript minimal dataset has now been supplied.įunding: The authors received no specific funding for this work. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. Received: SeptemAccepted: JanuPublished: January 27, 2023Ĭopyright: © 2023 Dunn et al. PLoS ONE 18(1):Įditor: Avanti Dey, Public Library of Science, UNITED STATES (2022).Citation: Dunn HP, Kang CJ, Marks S, Dunn SM, Healey PR, White AJ (2023) Optimising fundoscopy practices across the medical spectrum: A focus group study. Practice patterns of fundoscopic examination for diabetic retinopathy screening in primary care. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy. We link primary sources - including studies, scientific references, and statistics - within each article and also list them in the resources section at the bottom of our articles. Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. Similar to other types of ultrasound, it uses sound waves to create an image. Ophthalmologic ultrasound: As the eye contains fluid, ultrasonography can be useful to visualize the structures in the eye.This enables an eye doctor to map and measure the thickness of different retinal layers, helping them diagnose eye conditions. Optical coherence tomography: This test uses light waves to create a cross-section image of the retina.This helps the doctor take a better look at the eye’s blood vessels and identify any damage or abnormalities. However, this test uses a yellow dye, called fluorescein, which a doctor injects intravenously. Fluorescein angiogram: This test also uses a special camera to view structures at the back of the eye.Other diagnostic investigations for DR may include: A doctor may also wish to see different structures in the eye. While a fundoscopic exam can help detect and monitor DR, problems, such as cataracts, may make it difficult to clearly see the fundus of the eye. using a slit-lamp biomicroscope to examine structures in the eye.refraction tests to determine if a person requires a new eyeglass prescription.visual acuity measurements to test central vision.In addition to fundoscopy, other tests may include: Typically, a doctor will use a comprehensive eye exam to diagnose DR. Hard exudates: Typically occurring with microaneurysms, these refer to white or yellow deposits surrounding the leaking vessel.Ĭlick here to learn more about diabetic eye screening.A doctor may check for different types of hemorrhages, which may include Roth spots, dot, flame, or vitreous hemorrhages. Hemorrhages: This describes when bleeding occurs in the retina.These irregular patches are a common sign of DR and occur due to a reduction in blood flow and oxygen, resulting in the retinal nerve fiber layer swelling. Cotton wool spots: These refer to white, fluffy patches that appear on the surface of the retina.They refer to tiny bulges in the blood vessels in the back of the retina, which may leak small amounts of blood. Microaneurysms: Appearing as tiny red dots in the retina, these are usually the earliest visible signs of DR.While performing a fundoscopy, the doctor will view the structures of the eye and look for signs of DR, which may include: This can allow them to detect the condition or monitor its progress. An eye doctor may also use fundus photography to take a picture of the back of the eyes.Īs such, an eye doctor can use fundoscopy to check the retina for eye problems, such as DR. The fundus refers to the back of the inside of the eye and includes the retina. This test uses either a hand-held ophthalmoscope - direct fundoscopy - or a magnifying lens and a head-mounted light - indirect fundoscopy - to check the fundus of the eye. Fundoscopy, also known as ophthalmoscopy, describes a type of eye exam.
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